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Instructions for mounting and wiring

Closed loop Hall effect current sensors
Instructions for mounting and wiring ES, ESM, MP, EL and CS sensors


Introduction

These instructions are a non-exhaustive synthesis of the main recommendations for mounting closed loop Hall effect current sensors.Each application configuration is different, do not hesitate to contact us for advice adapted to your particular case.Please note that incorrect or non-judicious use of the sensor may lead to deterioration in the performance or operation of the sensor.

1 - Wiring diagram

● Direction of the current: A primary current IP flowing in the direction of the arrow results in a positive secondary output current IS from terminal M.
● Supply voltage: bipolar voltage -VA ... 0V ... +VA Closed loop Hall effect sensors can also operate with a unipolar supply voltage (-VA ... 0V or 0V ... +VA) under certain conditions.Please contact your distributor for further details for this application.

1.1 - Sensors without screen terminal



 1.1 - Sensors without screen terminal



Recommended wiring
 



Alternative wiring


The screen terminal «E» can be connected to the secondary negative terminal (marked «-») on the sensor. However the best EMC performance is obtained by connecting the screen terminal «E» to ground by a copper braid strap as short as possible.

1.3 - Internal electrostatic screen

During very rapid variations in the primary conductor potential compared to the reference potential (high du/dt), a capacitive coupling effect can be produced between the primary conductor and the secondary winding of the sensor. This coupling can lead to measurement errors. In order to eliminate this capacitive coupling, some current sensors have an internal copper electrostatic screen between the secondary winding and the hole for the primary conductor. This screen is linked internally either to an additional terminal marked «E», or to the sensor negative secondary terminal (marked «-»).

2 - Mechanical mounting

● All mounting positions are possible: horizontal, vertical, upside down etc.
● Recommended fixing: by screws and flat washers.
●  Installation with a primary bar: in this case, the sensor must be mechanically fixed, either only by the bar, or only by the enclosure, but never by both at the same time (this type of fixing would lead to mechanical stresses that could lead to deterioration of the sensor casing).

3 - Precautions to be taken into account relative to the electromagnetic environment

Due to their operating principle (measure of magnetic field by the Hall effect probe), closed loop Hall effect current sensors can be sensitive to strong external magnetic fields. It is therefore strongly recommended to avoid positioning them too close to high current power cables. The use of a magnetic screen to protect the sensor may be advised for certain configurations with a strong magnetic influence.The orientation of the sensor is also very important. Please contact your distributor for further information on this subject.

4 - Processing of the sensor's output signal

Standard codes of practice advise that, before the signal is processed, a low-pass filter adapted to the bandwidth of the sensor is used.Moreover, in the case of digital processing of the signal, it is also recommended that the sampling frequency is adapted to the bandwidth of both the signal to be measured and the sensor.In the event of sensor failure, the processing of the output signal should take into account deterioration in performance (e.g. absence of signal or saturated signal) and rapidly and safely shut the system down.

Open loop Hall effect current sensors
Instructions for mounting and wiring HBO sensors

Introduction

These instructions are a non-exhaustive synthesis of the main recommendations for mounting open loop Hall effect current sensors. Each application configuration is different, please do not hesitate to contact us for advice adapted to your particular case. Please note that incorrect or non-judicious use of the sensor may lead to deterioration in the performance or operation of the sensor.

1 - Wiring diagram

● Direction of the current: a primary current IP flowing in the direction of the arrow results in a positive secondary output voltage from the terminal VS.
● Supply voltage: bipolar voltage: -VA ... 0V ... +VA

 ●  Contrary to output current devices, HBO sensors do not need a load resistance but it is possible to use one if required.  

2 - Mechanical mounting

● All mounting positions are possible: horizontal, vertical, upside down etc.
● Recommended fixing: by screws and flat washers.

3 - Precautions to be taken into account relative to the electromagnetic environment

Due to their principle of operation (measure of magnetic field by the Hall effect probe), open loop Hall effect current sensors can be sensitive to strong external magnetic fields. It is therefore strongly recommended to avoid positioning them too close to high current power conductors. The sensor cables (shielded cable recommended) connecting to the equipment should be as short as possible.These sensors emit almost no electromagnetic radiation but can be sensitive to the effects of external radiation. The sensor is not itself sensitive but the induced voltages, when long cables are used to link the sensor to the connector, can cause interference to the sensor. In many applications the sensors are mounted in metal housings and have short cable lengths. In these applications, no special precautions are normally required.
In applications that require the sensor is used with long exposed cable lengths, shielded cable must be used, with both ends of the shielding connected to ground (see figure below).


4 - Processing of the sensor's output signal

Standard codes of practice advise that, before the signal is processed, a low-pass filter adapted to the bandwidth of the sensor is used. Moreover, in the case of digital processing of the signal, it is also recommended that the sampling frequency is adapted to the bandwidth of both the signal to be measured and the sensor.In the event of sensor failure, the processing of the output signal should take into account this deterioration in performance (e.g. absence of signal or saturated signal) and rapidly and safely shut the system down.

Electronic current sensors
Instructions for mounting and wiring NCS Sensors


Introduction

These instructions are a non-exhaustive synthesis of the main recommendations for mounting electronic current sensors. Each application configuration is different, please do not hesitate to contact us for advice adapted to your particular case. Please note that incorrect or non-judicious use of the sensor may lead to deterioration in the performance or operation of the sensor.

1 - Wiring diagram

● Direction of the current:
 - Output current  (IS1 and IS2): A primary current flowing in the direction of the arrow results in a positive secondary output current on the terminals IS1 and IS2.
 - Output voltage  (VS1 and VS2): A primary current flowing in the direction of the arrow results in a positive secondary output voltage on the terminals VS1 and VS2.
● Supply voltage: bipolaire voltage  -VA ... 0V ... +VA
It is possible to design electronic current sensors, upon request, that can operate with a unipolar supply voltage (-VA ... 0V ou 0V ...+VA).

1.1 Sensors with connector output (current and voltage outputs)

 Sensor internal electric connection 
1.2 Sensors with cable output (current outputs)

NCS sensors have two current outputs as standard:
- IS1 that supplies ±20mA (peak) at ±IPN (peak)
- IS2 that supplies ±20mA (peak) à ±IPMAX (peak)
Two measured gains are thus available.

In the case of a current output, RM is determined in the following manner:

RM = VM / IS where VM = to be obtained at the terminals of RM
IS = IS1 or IS2 (current output)Limitation: 0Ω < RM < 350Ω for IS max (peak) of ±20mA

The secondary cable passes through the white plastic enclosure (included) containing a ferrite core, to reduce the interference that could affect the correct functioning of the sensor. 		 
 1.3 Sensors with cable output (voltage outputs)

The sensors have two voltage outputs as standard: 
- VS1 that supplies ±10V (peak) at ±IPN (peak)
- VS2 that supplies ±10V (peak) at ±IPMAX (peak)
Two measured gains are thus available.

In the case of a voltage output, RM is either greater than or equal to 10kΩ.

The secondary cable passes through the white plastic enclosure (included) containing a ferrite core, to reduce the interference that could affect the correct functioning of the sensor.		 


2 - Mechanical mounting

● All mounting positions are possible: horizontal, vertical, upside down etc.
● Recommended fixing: by screws and flat washers. Oblong fixing holes in the enclosure moulding provide a large amount of mounting flexibility and allow for fully symmetrical positioning.
● Fixing by the use of flange kits:
-  Fixing on one (or several) cable on one (or several) primary bar: in this case, the sensor should only be fixed to the primary conductor mechanically by the flange kit. The sensor must not be mechanically fixed to the primary conductor by the enclosure and the flange kit at the same time (this type of mounting would lead to mechanical stresses that may deteriorate the enclosure).
-  Fixing on a chassis or partition: in this case, the flange kit offers a large amount of mounting flexibility.
See the particular mounting instructions.

Recommendations for the passage of the primary conductor

● The primary conductor may be one (or several) cable or one (or several) bar.
●  In order to obtain the best measuring performance, the primary conductor must be:
-  Centred as much as possible in the opening in the sensor
-  The biggest possible with respect to the opening in the sensor
-  Fixed at an angle close to 90° with respect to a plane formed by the sensor
-  As straight as possible at the sensor in order to minimise local increases in the magnetic field caused by bends in the primary conductor.
These local increases may create a saturation of one of the sensor probes and induce measurement errors.



3 - Precautions to be taken into account relative to the electromagnetic environment

Due to the continuous reduction in equipment volume and the increase in their power, internal system components are subject to strong electromagnetic interference. NCS sensors, based on the measure of currents by magnetic fields, (see operating instructions 1SBD370024R1000) must not be interfered by surrounding magnetic fields. They have therefore been designed in order to allow accurate measurement without interference.Different tests carried out on NCS sensors show the rejection of the sensors to this external magnetic interference in relation to the configuration of the predefined bar arrangement.

During type testing, the sensors were subject to 3 types of tests:
- magnetic field circuits: measure the influence of the magnetic fields generated by the primary conductor on the sensor
-  interference by an external set of bars: measure the influence of the magnetic fields generated by the other conductors different from the primary conductor on the sensor
- coupling of primary bars: measure the influence of the mechanical mounting of the  sensor on a primary conductor

During the different tests and in each configuration, the measured results (accuracy) are recorded whilst varying the following elements:
- distance between the sensor and the interfering current
- rotation of the interfering current around the sensor
- the magnitude of the interfering current
- the current form (DC or AC)- inclination of the sensor on the primary conductor
- centricity of the sensor on the  primary bar
- different primary bar configurations (rectangular simple or double, round and arrangements in «U», «S» or «L» configurations)

   

 Primary bar in «U»

 Primary bar in «S»

 Primary bar in «L»


The tests were carried out with the primary bars in «U» configuration, the most restricting condition.See mounting instructions ref. 1SBC146000M1701 for further information.

3.1 Mounting for improved EMC performance

In applications that require the sensor to be used with long cables exposed to interference, it is imperative that shielded cables are used, with the shielding connected to ground at both ends (see figure below).Standard NCS sensors with cable outputs are supplied in white plastic enclosures containing a ferrite core. The secondary cable passes through this white plastic enclosure to reduce the interference caused that could affect the correct functioning of the sensor.
Please contact your distributor for further information on this subject.




4 - Processing of the sensor's output signal

Standard codes of practice advise that, before the signal is processed, a low-pass filter adapted to the bandwidth of the sensor is used. Moreover, in the case of digital processing of the signal, it is also recommended that the sampling frequency is adapted to the bandwidth of both the signal to be measured and the sensor.In the event of sensor failure, the processing of the output signal should take into account this deterioration in performance (e.g. absence of signal or saturated signal) and rapidly and safely shut the system down.

Closed loop Hall effect voltage sensors
Instructions for mounting and wiring EM010 sensors

Introduction

These instructions are a non-exhaustive synthesis of the main recommendations for mounting EM010 voltage sensors. Each application configuration is different, do not hesitate to contact us for advice adapted to your particular case.Please note that incorrect or non-judicious use of sensors may lead to deterioration in the performance or operation of the sensor.

1 - Wiring diagram

● Supply voltage: bipolar voltage -VA ... 0V ... +VA EM010 sensors can also operate with a unipolar supply voltage (-VA ... 0V or 0V ... +VA) under certain conditions.Please contact your distributor for further details for this application.

 1.1 - Calibrated EM010 voltage sensors
● Direction of the current: A positive primary differential voltage(UP = UHT+ - UHT- > 0) results in a positive secondary output current IS from terminal M. The best EMC performance is obtained by connecting the screen terminal «E» to earth by a copper braid strap as short as possible.If the electromagnetic interference is weak the screen terminal «E» can be connected to the sensor negative secondary terminal (marked «-»).		 
 1.2 - Not calibrated EM010 voltage sensors
● Direction of the current: A primary current flowing from the primary terminal «+» to the primary terminal «-» results in a positive secondary output current IS from terminal M.		 



2 - Mechanical mounting

● Calibrated sensor: Heatsink on the top or on the side, with fins in vertical position.
● Not calibrated sensor: All mounting positions are possible: horizontal, vertical, upside down, on edge.
● Recommended fixing: 2 M6 screws with flat washers.

3 - Precautions to be taken into account relative to the electromagnetic environment

● Best performance is obtained in an environment with low electromagnetic interference.
● Electromagnetic interference is generated by the switching of strong currents (e.g.: switch relay), high voltage switchgear (e.g.: semi-conductor choppers), high intensity radio environment (e.g.: radio communication equipment).
● With the aim of minimising the effects of strong electromagnetic interference, please refer to standard rules (current working practice) and especially the following:
- It is recommended that the sensor be fixed by its enclosure to a conducting plate that is connected to a stable potential (e.g.: earth ground plate).
- It is recommended that the secondary be connected with a shielded cable (with the shielding connected to both cable ends and with a minimum length of wire as possible extending beyond the shielding).
- It is recommended that the screen terminal « E » be connected to earth with a copper braid strap as short as possible (length not to exceed five times its width).
● It is recommended that the primary and secondary cables are separated.
● It is recommended that the two primary cables are fixed together (e.g. with cable clamps).
●  It is strongly recommended that the primary and secondary cables connected to the sensors, are fixed to the earth ground plates or metal frame in order to minimise the interference induced in these cables.

4 - Processing of the sensor's output signal

Standard codes of practice advise that, before the signal is processed, a low-pass filter adapted to the bandwidth of the sensor is used.Moreover, in the case of digital processing of the signal, it is also recommended that the sampling frequency is adapted to the bandwidth of both the signal to be measured and the sensor.In the event of sensor failure, the processing of the output signal should take into account deterioration in performance (e.g. absence of signal or saturated signal) and rapidly and safely shut the system down.

Electronic voltage sensors
Instructions for mounting and wiring VS sensors

Introduction

These instructions are a non-exhaustive synthesis of the main recommendations for mounting VS voltage sensors. Each application configuration is different, do not hesitate to contact us for advice adapted to your particular case. Please note that incorrect or non-judicious use of sensors may lead to deterioration in the performance or operation of the sensor.

1 - Wiring diagram

● Direction of the current: A positive primary differential voltage (UP = UHT+ - UHT- > 0) results in a positive secondary output current IS from terminal M.
● Supply voltage: bipolar voltage -VA ...0V ...+VA
VS sensors can also operate with a unipolar supply voltage (-VA ...0V ou 0V ... +VA) under certain conditions. Please contact your distributor for further details for this application.

1.1 - VS voltage sensors with screen
The best EMC performance is obtained by connecting the screen terminal «E» to earth by a copper braid strap as short as possible. If the electromagnetic interference is weak the screen terminal «E» can be connected to the sensor negative secondary terminal (marked «-»).

 
 
 1.2 - VS voltage sensors without screen

 

2 - Mechanical mounting

All mounting positions are possible: horizontal, vertical, upside down, on edge.
Minimum distance between 2 sensors: 1 cm.
Recommended fixing: 2 M6 screws with flat washers.

3 - Precautions to be taken into account, relative to the electromagnetic environment

● Best performance is obtained in an environment with low electromagnetic interference.
● Electromagnetic interference is generated by the switching of strong currents (e.g.: switch relay), high voltage switchgear (e.g.: semi-conductor choppers), high intensity radio environment (e.g.: radio communication equipment).
● With the aim of minimising the effects of strong electromagnetic interference, please refer to standard rules (current working practice)and especially the following:
- It is recommended that the sensor be fixed by its enclosure to a conducting plate that is connected to a stable potential (e.g.: earth ground plate).
- It is recommended that the secondary be connected with a shielded cable (with the shielding connected to both cable ends and with a minimum length of wire as possible extending beyond the shielding).




-  It is recommended that the screen terminal «E» be connected to earth with a copper braid strap as short as possible (length not to exceed five times its width).
● It is recommended that the primary and secondary cables are separated.
● It is recommended that the two primary cables are fixed together (e.g. with cable clamps).
● It is strongly recommended that the primary and secondary cables connected to the sensors, are fixed to the earth ground plates or metal frame in order to minimise the interference induced in these cables.

4 - Processing of the sensor's output signal

Standard codes of practice advise that, before the signal is processed, a low-pass filter adapted to the bandwidth of the sensor is used.Moreover, in the case of digital processing of the signal, it is also recommended that the sampling frequency is adapted to the bandwidth of both the signal to be measured and the sensor.In the event of sensor failure, the processing of the output signal should take into account deterioration in performance (e.g. absence of signal or saturated signal) and rapidly and safely shut the system down.

Warning: The VS voltage sensor incorporates a switched mode power supply with a chopping frequency set at around 50kHz.


Electronic voltage detectors
Instructions for mounting and wiring VD detectors

Introduction

These instructions are a non-exhaustive synthesis of the main recommendations for mounting VD voltage detectors. Each application configuration is different, please do not hesitate to contact us for advice adapted to your particular case.Please note that incorrect or non-judicious use of the sensor may lead to deterioration in the performance or operation of the sensor.

1 - Wiring diagram

The VD voltage detector is a safety product, consequently the wiring is an important point to take into account. The following points must be respected:
• The VD voltage detector connection wires must be dedicated to High Voltage only,
• The screws used must respect the following specification:
  - M5x7 insert for terminals HT1+ and HT2+ : screw M5 with flat washer. Tightening torque: 2Nm.
  - M4x7 insert for terminals HT1- and HT2- : screw M4 with flat washer. Tightening torque: 1.5Nm. It is also recommended that the LED (Light Emitting Diode) lenses are only removed during maintenance operations by qualified personnel.

1.1 Redundancy function
In order to ensure that the detector works correctly and permanently (safety product), it includes two times the same function as explained opposite.In order to operate accordingly, the VD detector must be connected using the 4 primary terminals: •  The first LED operates when the terminals HT1+ and HT1- are connected, •  The second LED operates when the terminals HT2+ and HT2- are connected. 		 
 1.2 High voltage connection
Before connecting the high voltage cable to the VD voltage detector, the operator must make sure that the identification of the terminals is clearly marked without the possibility of confusion. The correct identification of the High Voltage terminals is shown opposite: The detector operates correctly when the polarity of the terminals is respected as follows: •  The positive High Voltage is connected to HT1+ and HT2+ with 2 different cables coming from the 2 different connection points, •  The negative High Voltage is connected to HT1- and HT2- with 2 different cables coming from the 2 different connection points.		 

2 - Mechanical mounting

2.1 Fixing by the enclosure
From the safety point of view, it is very important that the VD voltage detector is fixed in the best mechanical conditions possible:
•  The detector may be mounted in all positions (horizontal, vertical, upside down, on edge) but the two M6 screws must be checked that they are correctly tightened on the detector with a system to prevent nuts becoming loose.
•  The use of flat washers under the nuts is  generally recommended
• The surface where the detector is mounted, is sufficiently flat
•  The location where the detector is mounted is not subject to high vibration levels
•  The maintenance personnel have easy and quick access  to the device
•  The 2 LEDs are easily visible to the appropriate persons

2.2 Environment around the LEDs
Since preventive and curative maintenance is required for the VD voltage detector, it is important to leave sufficient space around the LED lenses in order to be able to unscrew them.The recommended visual inspection distance for checking the LEDs should not exceed 2 metres between the operators eyes and the LED. The ambient light should not exceed 1000 lux. This distance may be increased if the voltage detector is placed in a location where the daylight has a small influence on the visual indication of the LED.For normal and regular checking of the LEDs, the operators eyes should be within an angle of  ±15° from the LEDs axis. For further information, please do not hesitate to contact your distributor or refer to the document VD1500 range Mounting Instructions (ref. 1SBC140001M1701).

3 - 1st switching on of the detector

After applying high voltage to the primary terminals of the VD voltage detector, pay attention to the following points: 
• do not touch the HT terminals (high voltage) of the VD voltage detector
• do not try to remove the lenses of the LEDs

3.1 Checking correct functioning
The VD voltage detector LEDs should flash about every 0.6 seconds as soon as the dangerous voltage UON is passed. The LEDs should remain extinguished below UOFF, (see the detailed characteristics of the VD1500 voltage detector). In the event that LEDs do not work when high voltage is applied:
• electrically isolate the system
• make sure that no residual voltage is present in the VD voltage detector (voltmeter or other means)
• check that  the  VD voltage detector  wiring is correct (this may explain why the LEDs do not work)
If no faults are found in the installation, carry out a complete replacement of the voltage detector.
Please contact your distributor for further information on this subject or refer to the document Voltage Detector usage - Preventive and Curative Maintenance VD1500 Range (ref. 1SBD370058P0001).

4 - Preventive and curative maintenance of the detector

4.1 Preventive maintenance

• Checking the correct operation of the LEDs
Please refer to the checklist in the annexe of the document Voltage Detector usage - Preventive and Curative Maintenance VD1500 Range (ref. 1SBD370058P0001) for the weekly preventive maintenance operations to be carried out in order to guarantee the correct operation of the VD voltage detector.

• Replacement of the LEDs
The VD voltage detector requires replacement of the LEDs, which increases the life of the sensor. This replacement also implies basic checks in order to assure, from the safety point of view, that VD voltage detector operates in good conditions. LED replacement kit: kit including 5 LEDs mounted on plastic supports(ABB order code: 1SBT900000R2002).
   o  Periodicity of preventive actions The maintenance operation must respect the main recommendations as follows: Operator: maintenance personnel  Frequency: every 3 yearsChecklist: annexe of the document Voltage Detector usage - Preventive and Curative Maintenance VD1500 Range (ref. 1SBD370058P0001)Main actions: change the 2 LEDs.
   o Updating of documentationThe documentation associated with preventive maintenance must be up to date at every inspection operation.

4.2 Curative maintenance

During regular LEDs inspection or preventive maintenance visits, detector faults may be recorded. In such cases, the replacement of the defective part is imperative.

• Definition of the kits
2 repair kits are available for VD voltage detectors:
LEDs replacement kit: ABB order code: 1SBT900000R2002 including 5 LEDs mounted on plastic supports
Lenses replacement kit: ABB order code 1SBT900000R2001 including 10 transparent plastic lenses.

• Replacement of parts and checking
The maintenance operation must respect the main recommendations as follows:

   o Curative maintenance :Operator: maintenance personnelFrequency: immediately after the detection of the faultChecklist: annexe of the document Voltage Detector usage - Preventive and Curative Maintenance VD1500 Range (ref. 1SBD370058P0001)Main actions: change the 2 LEDs or the 2 lenses or the detector.
   o Updating of documentationThe documentation associated with preventive maintenance must be up to date at every inspection operation.
In all cases, the maintenance operation must be carried out with maximum precaution for the safety of personnel and the system where the detector is mounted must be checked that there is no voltage present.

• Complete replacement of a detectorIn the case of complete replacement of a detector, follow the instructions in the documentation VD1500 range Mounting Instructions(ref. 1SBC140001M1701).

   o Updating of documentation
The documentation associated with preventive maintenance must be up to date at every inspection operation.